Tuesday, 14 October 2025

Artificial Intelligence tools in translation. Boon or bane?

 

**This was posted on my Facebook page a month ago.**

For the last couple of days, an inevitable debate on human translation and AI (Artificial Intelligence) tools translation has occupied a considerable space usually allotted to literary discussion on Facebook. This has come to the fore with the publication of a much-awaited Tamil translation. It has received a mixed response from the readers, who say that the language of the translation is unduly terse and incomprehensible and bears an appeal that it could have been a machine-translated language. It is unlikely, though. I have my own strong reasons not to fall into the current of biased criticisms. 

Setting it aside, here are some observations written not in the light of controversies the book has sparked. It is my general observation on how I look at the advent of AI tools in the field of translation.

The degree of comprehension and ‘readability’ of a translation are in fact not in the hands of the translator. It depends on the source language he deals with. For the sake of a conservative understanding, we can approach the business of translation in two ways. One, the translators who have taken an oath to be extremely truthful to the original work in terms of everything that includes usage of diction, semantics, structure of sentence (though the structure of the original is not palatable to the taste of vernacular readers), etc. This category of translators is often not creative writers per se. Even if they happen to be  creative writers, they don’t allow their creative freedom to dictate terms on translation. Most of the present generation translators do belong to this category. They just attempt to bring in translation the near approximation of the original. Second, the translators, who are essentially creative writers. They comprehend the original text and reproduce it without much digression from the original. If you compare the original with this translation, you won’t find anything awkward and will rather find it a complete piece in every sense. While the first category of translators is busy with the words and syntax, the second category of translators is busy with the prospect of people enjoying the text the way the original text could have been enjoyed. More often, the second category of translators are the ones who create literary masterpieces without overtly betraying the original, if they are equally gifted with the same set of language skills as the original author. 

Having had a first-hand touch with almost all the English translations of Tamil fiction, I have observed a classic compromise in almost every piece of these translations, be it Perumal Murugan or Ambai or anyone—a compromise consciously executed in order to cater to the requirements of ‘readability’ of the English readers. Most of these translations are primarily published for the Indian readers who know English. It is extremely rare that these translations are read by the readers living in predominantly English-speaking countries. Other than some pulp fiction, any literary work published either in the US or UK won’t have this compromised literary taste. This explains why we find the English translations of Tamil classics mediocre, not taxing one’s literary sensibility. This inevitably leads to substandard English translations, which in no way command the respect it aspires to have. These substandard translations, both in English and Tamil (or any vernacular for that matter), are the result of overdependence on artificial intelligence tools. The substandard translations are the by-product of inchoate editors who mostly depend on AI tools. Gone are the days when we found the editors with mettle who had extensively read both the source and target languages and commanded enviable mastery over the languages. Now what we find are the editors in publishing houses who have just come out of professional colleges and have no extensive reading and experience in languages. The result: they are forced to rely on AI tools to fill the gap produced by their inexperience and thus the substandard output.

Even before the advent of AI tools, there had been translations that we mostly cherish without much complaint. Notwithstanding the terseness of the original text, the singular aim of the translator remained to bring it into an acceptable language that doesn’t contradict the linguistic sensibility of the vernacular readers. These translations offered an equal amount of literary taste of the original. Puthumai Pithan did it in his translations. If someone tries to assess his Tamil translations with their original, he will be monumentally disappointed. It is because it is a creative translation, ostensibly not of the first category of translators. Now, as the translation industry has boomed in almost all the languages, the translators are under stress to produce a pattern of language as complicated as the original. Here lies the linguistic sensibility of the vernacular reader that hasn’t been trained to approach any complicated narrative form of literature. In addition to this, the translators, who are either with inadequate exposure to the linguistic subtleties or under undue stress to bring out the translations faster, fall prey to AI tools. 

AI tools are not a panacea to the maladies of translation. It may have become handy to inchoate translators, but at the cost of putting literature on the altar. I don’t think it is wrong if a translator could produce only a couple of translations in his entire lifetime. It is fine. On the one hand, AI tools are making persuasive entry everywhere; and on the other hand,  there is an amount of shame one suffers that he or she is not able to declare in public about the usage of AI in translation. It is being looked down upon, an affront to one’s creative skills. Since readers are growingly smart enough to sift the husk from the grains, the literary translators need to nurture their innate skills in translation rather than depending on easy-going AI tools.

Simple solution to this: Read, read, read, and then read again. Write, write, write, and write again. If you are lazy at it, please leave the translation for the sake of literature.

***

Sunday, 5 October 2025

The crown of thorns (Mul mudi) by Thi. Janaki Raman


This is an English translation of Mul mudi, a short story written by Thi. Janaki Raman. Translated into English by Saravanan Karmegam. 

***

“So, may I take leave?” As soon as Kannusamy got up, the crowd that stuffed that hall also rose up.

“Bye, sir…”

“Bye, sir…”

“Sir, I take leave.”

Amidst those men, a small boy touched his feet with his hands and then touched his eyes with them. Anukulasamy pulled his feet back swiftly.

“Thambi, why this unnecessary obeisance?”

“Let him do it, sir—will they ever get a person like you? Please give them your words of blessing. It will happen for sure,” Kannusamy said.

Other boys followed him, and they all touched Anukulasamy’s feet and then touched their eyes. Anukulasamy stood, deeply discomfited.

“This all…” Before he completed his statement, Kannusamy intervened, “Anukulasamy, you are a true Christian. It is not flattery. If someone could remain a teacher without wielding the cane or hurling a harsh word for thirty-six years, would there be anything wrong in prostrating before that God?”

"Praise more than its worth”

“It is not my words. The entire village says this. Sitting on the market streets, I also get to know about people. Don’t I? They won’t even spare the children born to them without at least a beating. They will at least hurl abuse at them. Even that won’t be uttered here. Who else could be like this? This is the place where children and gods are celebrated. You respected these children, along with so many other children, with the respect generally accorded to human beings in general.”

When Kannusamy was speaking, the boys kept bending down, touching Anukulasamy’s feet. Anukulasamy couldn’t open his mouth to speak. It seemed that his vocal cord would tear off and tongue get twisted if he ever attempted to open his mouth.

“May I take leave now?

“Okay”—he opened his mouth with much difficulty and then shut it swiftly.

“We seek your permission to leave, sir?” The Nayanam player pleaded with his hands folded. Anukulasamy could only nod his head. It took a full two minutes for the crowd that was standing in the hall to move away through the doorway.

A couple of boys mumbled something to each other and said, “Let these two lamps be here, sir. We'll come in the morning to collect them." and then left.

When he returned after sending them off at the doorway, he saw the entire hall lying empty. He had once experienced that emptiness and heart-wrenching ach—thee same emptiness and anguish while returning after leaving Luisa at the bridegroom’s house ten years ago.

Two petromax lamps were filling the emptiness with their hissing sound.

Now they had left him alone. Tomorrow is Wednesday. But for him, Saturday, Sunday, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, and the day after the day after tomorrow—all will remain Saturday and Sunday. He wouldn’t go to school anymore. He had completed sixty years. Now retired.

He sat on the swing. Near him were lying seven or eight framed commendation letters, a silver plate, and a pen. The cost of the pen was four rupees in the shop. But this pen was priceless. Saying that it costs four lakhs or four crores would remain merely empty words, as it potentially risked treating both the same.

Four or five rose garlands made with dried banana stalks and silver threads were lying coiled.

Mahimai was standing, holding both chains of the swing. She didn’t speak at all and kept staring at him as if she were the sole recipient of all those blandishments. She sped to the door in a minute as her eyes were relishing him, latched it swiftly, put those garlands one after the other around his neck, grasped his shoulders, and kept looking into his face.

“You haven’t beaten me either. Have you? You had never used any words agitatedly,” she said, leaning her head against his chest.

“The days we are going to stay on this earth are very few, just like the winged termites dying during rainy days. Why should we waste it in getting angry and fighting with each other? We can’t correct anyone by beating. Can we?”

“No need to get angry like a monster. Can’t you get angry at least once just for being a man?”

“I do get angry at times.”

“You should show it.””

“You have got the milkwoman, servant maid, to get angry with. My anger is anyway irrelevant. Isn’t it?”

“How could you teach in school without scolding and caning?”

“I was able to.””

She glanced at him admiringly, teased him by pulling his moustache, and said, “Let me make coffee for you,” and left.

When she went inside, he felt that his soul had gotten into another body and was speeding inside. He looked up at the wall. The face with the crown of thorns was gleaming like a flood of compassion. The same face was found cuddling a goat kid in another portrait, fixed a couple of portraits away.

What Kannusamy had said was completely true. He hadn’t caned any student during his thirty-six years of service in the school. He hadn’t scolded anyone, not even a little.

It was his natural disposition. When Luisa was six years old, she got a beating from her teacher for some mischief. When the teacher whipped her with a scale, it hit the summer bumps under her blouse —oh, god! The way she was writhing in pain that day—seeing her agony—Anukulasamy resolved to keep his natural disposition permanent in his life. The one who sacrificed his life for the sins of others had done so for this generation as well. Hadn’t he?

His resolve didn’t find any taint during these thirty-six years. Which teacher would otherwise have had this privilege of having such a warm send-off given up to his residence if it wasn't for this unblemished service?

Those forty students—his class students—might have thought of a special felicitation for their teacher as though all the felicitations held in the school seemed insufficient. Today’s felicitation was the result of it. They decked him with garland after garland and praised him in letter after letter, with the music of Nayanam and Tavil simultaneously accompanying the merriment.

“Thambi, what’s all this?””

“Who else would we felicitate, sir? Please come in” – the big boy standing like a landlord requested him to come in. He, Arumugam, was twenty-three years old. He hadn’t completed his school yet. He has been in the school for a very long time, although gifted with worldly knowledge. Without saying anything, Anukulasamy just obeyed his request. Otherwise, he would start his rants about other teachers. He had already spilled out a couple of complaints about them.

“We know about them, sir. Don’t we? You haven’t asked anyone to raise funds for you on account of your retirement. You have not borrowed any amount by pledging the imitation jewels. You haven’t earned the curse of the villagers by asking them for money with your retirement letter.”

“It is alright. Get me some water” – he had to send him out from there by changing the topic.

Though Anukulasamy could shut his mouth, there was nothing wrong in what he had said. Anukulasamy had never earned the curse of the villagers. Slapping someone hard and cheating someone by not repaying the debt are the same anyway. He hadn’t even done that either. 

Narayanappaiyar was also like him. Not many wives! Just one son and one daughter. But he had debt jutting out from all nine holes on his body- No one, be it the clothes shopkeeper or the women selling coriander leaves, had respected him even for a quarter of an ana. In spite of this wretched condition, Narayanappaiyar didn’t stay quiet. One of his distant relatives working in the office of the Director, Education Department in the city had written him a letter stating that Narayanappaiyar had been selected as one of the examination invigilators this year and he would receive the official communication in two weeks. Showing that letter to everyone, he had borrowed money in fifties and seventy-fives from, at least, twenty people. The salary he was likely to receive from that job was not more than two hundred rupees. When the letter didn’t arrive at last, it just sealed everything. Liquor shop Naidu caught Narayanappaiyar on the way and took away his bicycle. Wrath of having lost his bicycle! The bicycle that was snatched away from him would never be a big issue, but the one who had then been riding it was. It was a teacher. ‘Narayanappaiyar, you are a disgrace to the whole clan of teachers!

Could anyone trick the bank agent Aiyangar, who was known for taking butter out of already churned buttermilk. Saminathan tried his tricks with him. Aiyangar weighed the gold chain Saminathan pledged and gave him three hundred rupees for the chain that weighed nine sovereigns, purely on the basis of the faith he had in Saminathan as a teacher. It would have been better if Saminathan hadn’t lingered on this matter further. Would anyone give money without rubbing it on the touchstone if someone went to him again within fifteen days with another gold chain?

Rubbing the chain on the touchstone, Aiyangar smiled and said, “Hey Ayyarval, if a boy in the class seeks clarification to a doubt, we can shut him up with a rebuke for acting smart to hide our ignorance. But in this market area, it won’t work. Will it? I think I am not smart enough in this matter. Wait a minute; let me bring the goldsmith,” and then went out. Saminathan had his stomach rumble with unease. Before he could find out some lame excuses, the goldsmith had already arrived in there, along with a head constable. When the treasury room was opened in the presence of those witnesses, the chain he gave last time was grinning at them, declaring that it was just a brass chain. Even at that critical juncture, Aiyangar never failed to give due regard to the profession of teaching. Aiyangar let Saminathan go scot-free, but only after transferring Saminathan’s fifty kuzhis of land in his name, without anyone’s knowledge. Fortunately, the head constable was in veshti and shirt. No crowd and hence no public humiliation.

Another four or five persons came to his mind – “Hey, you are retired now. Only one fourth of the meal henceforth. Right? In those days, we used to raise funds for our teachers” - Ramalingam mocked at a boy and then left for his ‘daily collection’.

Mahimai brought the coffee.

“Leave your thoughts aside, have your coffee. It is hot now” Mahimai was reading the letters of appreciation one by one. She, at times, looked up to him proudly while reading them.

“Don’t think they are true. They have just comforted me as I will cry for being unable to go to school henceforth. Sugar candy words!”

“So be it. But everyone has told only the truth,” said Mahimai. “It was true that you had never raised your hands nor used harsh words. Wasn’t it?’

“Thsss…What big truth is it?”

“Praising it as a skill remains a truth anyway. Earning fame without wielding a cane and scolding anyone is indeed difficult. Isn’t it?’ Mahimai said.

Anukulasamy thought for a while. What she had said seemed to be true. He thought that he had every right to be proud of himself.

“It’s not that difficult. We can be so even with the milkwoman and the vegetable-selling woman. Will anyone who has taken birth as a human being and has some sense in him repose his faith in whipping someone?”

“Not all can do it.””

“I could be so, somehow,” he said.

“”Sir”—he heard someone knocking on the door.

“Who’s that?”

“It is me, sir.”

Mahimai went to the door and opened it.

“Is Sir here?”

“Yes. He is here. Is it Arumugam? Please come in.””

Arumugam didn’t enter alone. A boy also came in along with him. He was studying in his class. Along with them was standing a woman. She must be about forty or forty-two. Her forehead, ears, nose and hands bore a bare look. Anukulasamy stood up.

“What is the matter, Sinnaiya?”

“Sir, this is Sinnaiyan’s mother” Armugam said.

“Please come in”

If Arumugam brought someone, it meant recommendation. He was twenty-three years old, not yet completed his school. He had the reputation of a landlord in the school. Why has he come here? No more examinations are around’

“What is the matter Arumugam?”

“Sinnaiyan wanted to meet you, sir”

“Anything important, Sinnaiya?”

Sinnaiyan didn’t reply. He was standing with his head bowed. Half a minute was over since the question was asked, but he didn’t raise his head. He was crying.

“Tell him,”, said the woman.

Anukulasamy looked at him intently. The boy’s facial muscles were contorted, and his lips were shivering.

“Tell him,”, Arumugam nudged him.

“He has been undergoing an unbearable agony during the past one year,”” the woman said.

“Unbearable agony? For one year?"

“Yes, sir. Please tell him that he can now talk to others.” said Arumugam.

“Be clear. I don’t understand anything.”

“You might have forgotten, sir.” Arumugam looked at that woman and Mahimai.

“What? What have I forgotten?” Anukulasamy tried to recollect what exactly it was. He couldn’t remember anything.

Armugam resumed: “Sir, he stole the English book from Kayarohanam last year, changed its cover, and sold it for half its price in the shop. I found it out and brought him to you.”

The woman tried to comfort her son as he was sobbing silently. “Don’t cry.”

“Then?”

“You stared at him for seconds and then said that no student in your class had ever committed such a crime and no student would ever speak to him.””

The boy’s crying didn’t stop.

“We stopped talking to him from that day. No one spoke to him. We had a felicitation function for you that day. Hadn’t we? We collected a paltry amount from each of us. He gave us one rupee, but we refused to accept it and told him not to come to attend the function. Without saying anything, he left. Just a while ago, I came here before going home. He had brought his mother along with him and was waiting for me at my home. His mother explained everything to me. So, I brought them here.” Arumugam said fearfully as he was mincing words.

Anukulasamy could remember that particular incident. ‘But how did I give him such a harsh punishment? I spoke something fleetingly that day. Is it necessary to follow those words as inflexibly as this?’

“Sinnaiya, please don’t cry.” Anukulasamy said.

“Tell us that we all can speak to him now, sir.”

“He hadn’t kept well for the last one year. He had been a very jovial boy. But he hardly speaks to anyone now. At times, he speaks a word or two. Then he will leave. Do we ever know what these kids are thinking in their minds? He won’t even speak properly with his sisters. He told me about it all only this evening. Others in the house have gone to play. Since we can't find a solution to this if we don't meet you today, we have come here to meet you. Please have some mercy on him.”

Anukulasamy felt like being caught red-handed for his mistakes. His heart sank into despair, wormed in agony.

“No one was ready to take him along with them. Please receive it with your hands. How can his heart be at peace when all other boys have ”contributed?”—his mother turned to her son and said, “Give it to him.”

The boy sobbed more. He extended his hands, holding out one rupee note soaked in sweat.

“Please get it, sir,”” Arumugam pleaded.

Anukulasamy received it without a word.

“He is a very good boy, sir. The mistake he made that day was inadvertent. There were no complaints about him after that.”

“Please have mercy on him so that others will speak to him. Won’t it be hurtful if others sitting with him don’t speak to him? Tender hearts. Aren’t they?” beseeched the woman.

“I never thought that these boys would do such a thing,”” Anukulasamy rued.

“They just followed what you had told them to do,” Mahimai said.

“It needn’t be,” he smirked mildly. Only his sobs, in fact, came out as a grin. The crown of thorns in the portrait now pricked his head once.

                                                                 ***Ended***        

Sunday, 21 September 2025

One more gate still remained closed (மூடி இருந்தது), a short story by Si.Su.Chellapa


This is an English translation of “Moodi Irunthathu”, a short story by Si.Su. Chellappa, a name etched in the memory of Tamils for his immortal novel “Vadivasal”. Translated into English by Saravanan Karmegam.

***

Tomorrow! Tomorrow I will have my freedom. But it didn’t come to me unexpectedly. Months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, even seconds too—it had come near to me only after it meticulously computed and assessed all these. How would that last electric-shutdown moment be! The moment that was going to offer me the real freedom did seem to be an announcement of death that would appear in front of our eyes every moment all through our life, striking into our ears with a hammer saying, “I will come to you one day. Be ready.”

The wall standing opposite carried in sequence the months and dates I was beaten. They stood lifeless, darkened as I felt a long jolt penetrating from my head to toes. I got this scrap of pencil from someone supplicating him. It was this piece of pencil that had created those days. It was the one that deleted them as well. How slowly were those days passing? Is the growth of the fetus in the womb faster or slower than that?

That first day… The birth and growth of those days were strongly registered in my mind. I marked them starting with digit one. It followed by the sequential markings of two, three, four, and so on, one after the other.

Today, it is one hundred and sixty-five, the number before one hundred and sixty-six. Even a nursery school child would say this correctly. But it wouldn’t be able to tell about the relationship I shared with those numbers. It was the last night that warned me, “You are a prisoner. Remember this.” One hundred and sixty-sixth day. Its night would see me a free man. How lucky that night would be!

Now the door remained closed. It was not merely an iron door. It would speak though having no mouth. It had learnt speaking over the years. It spoke in the warden’s language. It understood the language of the prisoner. It roared in its usual manner. I was just then entering the block as its prisoner, stepping inside its door. It was when my last day was celebrated; it was how it was celebrated.

“Hey…six two three… Get in…get in…” It was how it would grunt. But the prisoner would pick its tenor of grudge in it. Wouldn’t he? I smiled at it uncaringly. Let me stay there as long as I was destined to be there. I was not in a mood to use harsh words. “I won’t give it the responsibility of safeguarding me from tomorrow. “I am sorry for the days that were lost,” I said. What did happen next? The door creaked loudly like a Puranic monster and swiftly closed its wide mouth. I moved ahead. It was missing its feed, and it was quite normal that it would get angry. Wouldn’t it?

I was sitting on my bed. Yes. It was my bed. No one could deny that. I received it with my own hands. What a satisfaction it was when I received it! No other bed had given me the solace that bed had. It consisted of two components—a sack—sorry, I shouldn’t use such a rough word for that; it had been woven with jute fibres instead of cotton threads—and a rug. Why should there be an unnecessary explanatory detail about its countless holes and mucky odour?

That sack and the rug! They had given them names. They still belonged to me. I could have torn them off if I had thought so. I had the freedom to do that. But marks for one week or ten days would be deducted from my account for the undisciplined behaviour of the prisoner. That was it. I am going to submit them safely now. Not only those items, but also the plate and mug, which were handed to me safely before. How many hands have they been destined to be handed over? Let them live long! Let them wait for their natural end. I won’t touch them anyway.

These clothes! They also belonged to me. I could have torn them off by being slightly careless, rendering them useless for anyone. Certainly, these clothes wouldn’t make anyone proud of them. After all, they were the clothes of a prisoner. Even if it were given free, the world outside would hesitate to use it. Perhaps, it would deny it. But I am always proud that those clothes were mine. Let us set aside the opinions of the world for a while. If they permit me to take away those dresses—it is just impossible—I will put them on and parade in front of them. Should anyone dare say, “You are a prisoner,” let me see.

Those clothes weren’t made for me. It appeared that I was made to suit those clothes. Truly speaking, those clothes defined my individual appearance. When we speak about appearance, we can’t separate body and clothes. Clothes make the appearance, and so does the skin.

623. It was my number. No, it was my name. It was the suitable name given to me amidst others according to the rules of the prison. Don’t be angry, as I didn’t invite you all for my cradle ceremony. If you want to take revenge against me for that, you can call me 623. Perhaps, both of us may be satisfied with that. Each of my clothes had this number imprinted on it.

They will part these clothes from me tomorrow. It just happened to those who were released before me as well. Didn’t it? This number, 623, will disappear from me. It will reach the prison store and occupy its designated place. Perhaps these clothes may be washed. I think the number may completely disappear while washing. Or will it remain faded?

If those faded lines were visible, the new occupant would find them out with difficulty. I forgot to tell you: he would be my heir, the one who was going to enjoy those clothes, my assets, which I had left securely. What would he think? Who would that 623 be? Would he only think that I am his elder brother? Or would he think something else? Let him run his thoughts amok the way he likes; I wouldn’t be there to fight with him. Would I?

I would be a free man by then. I would have been outside these four walls that could be termed as prison. What is the need for an outsider to think about the inmates of the prison? He had also once been there for some time. That was it.

Actually, I had never been a prisoner before. This stretch of land was huge enough to accommodate the misdeeds the human society does. One can live incognito somewhere without coming into these four walls. Only some unfortunate souls, rightly saying, those who do not have the skills to hide their crimes adroitly, come inside these walls. I was an official prisoner. I accepted my crimes in public and came into the prison. It was new to me. It was rather a change from the mundane I had been spending till now. I liked it wholeheartedly, though. I remember I had spent my days there willingly.

All the iron clutches of the laws would get softer tomorrow. It might have felt that I had been sufficiently punished. Or it would have thrown me out as an unwanted one. Whatever, I would go out of this place as a free man. I would be holding the iron grills at some railway station somewhere, expecting the ticket examiner, instead of spending my days holding the iron bars of this prison. After that, I would spend my days staring at the road through the grills of the upstairs window.

While delving into such thoughts, I suddenly remembered: I missed watching the last sunset at the prison. It was already very dark outside. How many times had my eyes tried to see through that dense dark? Darkness is the only friend of a solitary soul. You wouldn’t like it. You would say one wouldn’t be able to progress without light. I say, ‘We can’t walk backwards either.’ I will remain satisfied if I don’t diminish even if I am unable to grow.

Today is the last day. There, seen the light in dots through the thick of darkness. The warden was doing his duty with his handheld light. Till another warden relieved him from the duty, he had to take rounds for two hours. Then he had to be ready for his turn. He couldn’t go out. I would go out tomorrow. But he would remain the same, doing proper rounds, covering his face with a muffler to ward off chilly wind, with his handheld light. Next day…next to next and so on. He didn’t have to be concerned about freedom.

The snoring sounds of my friends were falling into my ears. What a peace! No such thought would ever torment them even in their dreams. Their days were longer, not shorter like mine—it wasn’t a shorter life anyway. But one day they would also see their days getting very short, and it would definitely make them distressed the way it does with me now.

The night grew denser anyway. The first ring of the tower bell broke the silence of the night. I began counting it patiently. It came to rest after ringing twelve times. It was midnight. I was still sitting on my bed. By this time tomorrow, the sound of the tower bell wouldn’t tear my ears off, nor would it insist I sleep after disturbing it. A wall clock fixed somewhere on the wall would ring meekly as if being apprehensive of disturbing my sleep. I wouldn’t hear it anyway. Would I? I would be then anyway snoring with peace of mind as a free man. Right?

These things—this bed, mug, number, iron grills, environs, this life, and thoughts—all would become the things of the past. Sooner I become a free man, all these things will become merged with the past and its thoughts. Those days and thoughts will precede the present. It is why I try to register the present strongly in my memory.

It seemed that I had slept. When I woke up, I could hear that sound—that singular voice, a call that rises up from the depth and stops at the top—the call for prayer. I rolled my bed and got up. It was my last prayer. There was a vacant spot. I stood there as one among them for the last time.

The prayer was over. Grasping the bars, I was watching the crimson dawn on the horizon. The iron bars were chilly. Perhaps, they must have felt the warmth of my fingers. Just one more day. I could see the sun taking its birth with the light from the womb of the dawning horizon. I felt that its rays had already started feeling that I was a free man. However, the priest is yet to approve the boon. Isn’t he?

 As usual the bunch of warden’s keys opened the lock. Daily chores thus began and were in full swing. But what everyone spoke to me about was only “this is last, this is last.”

I also like to get out of this world as the last man. But would that be possible?

Then the warden came. Standing at the doorway of the block, he yelled. I heard the call ‘623’ a couple of times. “It is me,” I said. “Pick your things and follow me,” he said. Yes. They were still mine. I gathered them swiftly and followed him. They were all counted. A prisoner bundled them up and tossed them in a corner. Now, they don’t belong to me. Those things may be proud of this. After that, they handed over my belongings. One hundred and sixty-six days before, they were mine. Now I had owned them again. Some voices standing near me said that I had regained my appearance. Yes. It must have been the appearance of a free man.

Then followed some mandatory inconveniences of the ‘releasing’ ceremony—the final ceremonies that confirmed that I had been a prisoner there. Or you can consider them as age-old ceremonies done prior to one’s freedom. Customs and traditions. Man can’t get rid of these, no matter where he is.

Everything was over. I was walking towards that particular gate. That day, this gate swallowed me up, and today it is going to regurgitate me. Pitiable! Weak intestine to digest me. I bid them goodbye. I still remember the way I behaved that day. All I said was this: “I am sorry for leaving you all.” You fool! You shouldn’t have said that. A sense of immeasurable foolhardiness! The warden was walking along with me. After opening the gate, he would return, not to my block, but to his block.

Suddenly he turned and asked, “Will you come back?” I was shocked at his question. Was it that he had understood me? If not, why this question? He didn’t ask that question, as he was fully aware of me. He knew a little about me. I may return the way I came there sometimes ago. So, it might have appeared normal. The question was petty in nature. But I was hesitant to give him a reply.

Then I replied, “I don’t know either. Who else could be sure of it?”

He was satisfied with my reply. The gate standing in front of me paved the way for me. It was the second gate. It opened wide with a slackening sound that obviously minimized the compelling presence of the jail. I crossed that gate too. Now it closed tightly with a sound that reinforced the idea that it was a jail. Where is the warden, my aide?

The next gate. I was walking towards that too. It was the third gate. Last one. A thick commanding voice ordered the gate, “Let this man go.” Now I have graduated into a man. I was still standing within the confines of the prison. Yet, I have become a man now. Not a prisoner anymore. I threw a glance at the voice that gave me respect, wishing to thank it.

It was the same voice. The voice that relentlessly yelled, repeatedly, “take this prisoner inside” once the gate closed behind me when I was taken in. Whatever, the man never stoops too low to be mean.

The last gate was also about to be opened. I would become a free man. Just a step away from the doorway of that gate. What has been filling my heart? Peace of mind or heaviness? Neither. No. Both. A creaking noise. I felt that it was a voice of poignancy that rose up from the bottom of the heart I loved most. The gate opened with that poignant note. Though I could say anything at any time, I was unable to express that intense feeling I had that time. It had been an exclusive asset of the heart. It didn’t have any language.

I stepped out. Just one step. For no reason, something pushed me to look back. “Hey, free man! Prashta… Never look back that ”side”—the door closed tightly behind with a grunt (I thought so).

Only after that, I looked up ahead as a free man. A road lying in front of me ran long. Behind were buildings—all were man-made. Beyond it were woods of trees that stood darkened. Beyond that, the range of mountains stood encircling. The horizon afar behind it seemed to be descending and merging with something to become one. Is that all?

No. Is there anything beyond it? My eyes, frenzied, scanned through penetratingly.

What was falling clearly into those eyes?

Yes. One more gate still remained closed.

                                                                   ***Ended***         

Monday, 15 September 2025

Dispossessed (வந்தாரங்குடி) by Kanmani Gunasekaran Chapter 8

 

Chapter 8

***

The parrot that came out of the cage stood hesitantly and threw a glance at the court complex standing in the enclosure of iron grills. Men in khaki and black uniforms were busy chattering and running here and there. All those men might have appeared as criminals in the innocent heart of the parrot. Like an indecisive judge who was unable to pass the judgement in the case sitting in front of thick bundles of case papers, the parrot was standing in front of the stack of cards, visibly confused about which one it needed to pick. But, more than the astrologer, the parrot’s indecisiveness was deeply troubling Kasi Padaiyachi, who was sitting despondently like Dharma, who had lost his country and cities. 

“Selvarani, why this hesitation? My dear baby, pick up a suitable card fast for the name Kasi to see if the task - that has demanded his tireless visits, disregarding auspicious times and stars - will be successful. Will he get what he wants? Will he get the details of it? This time, the astrologer didn’t stop with his preaching. He took out a crispy paddy grain from the bowl at the top of the cage, and held it out to the parrot.

In a fraction of a second it picked with its beak, and the husk fell onto the ground. The parrot intently glanced at Kasi’s cheeks that looked puffed due to the stuffing of betel leaves and his reddened lips, and lowered its eyes slowly and settled on the stack of cards. It picked a card nonchalantly, tossed it in the front, and threw an insolent look at him. Soon it received another grain of paddy; it picked the second card, pushing aside the first one, and entered the cage. The astrologer, holding the card in hand, threw his magical smile at the people walking around and those who were watching the thoroughfare.

Kasi Padaiyachi’s attention was on the card. Sengalrao, who was standing at a distance under a neem tree along the compound wall as his saffron-coloured hair flew untidily, came near to him. The parrot owner applied a mild pressure along the edges of the thick cover,   inserted his finger through the gap thus visible, and pulled out the paper from inside. Even Rasokkiyam - sitting by the compound wall watching the visitors in the distance who were entering and coming out on the calls of Dawali, who was standing in front of the court entrance for a long time - grew curious and fixed his eyes on the astrologer visible through the moving legs.

The astrologer unfolded the sheet with a grin. Frayed in three folds, the lord Ganesh looked pathetic on the card. He placed the picture on the cover without stiffening it, cleared his throat as he brought his folded fist in front of his mouth, and resumed his predictions. “You, the luckiest; You, the most honest; You, the one who wins the fight with any opponent! However, the task you are keen on won’t be over soon, as the Kethu is sitting in eighth place. It may appear that it will be over, but it won’t. It will drag on – He spoke in a sonorous voice like a waterfall that turned the heads of those who listened to him. His voice reached beyond the court entrance, and the people standing there turned their heads. Seeing this sudden attention, he grew uneasy and lowered his voice.

Kasi Padaiyachi was completely broken at the very utterance of ‘it will drag on’ from the astrologer’s mouth. Every month he had to leave his herd back home and undertake this tireless visit to the Cuddalore court. If this case still drags on…He interrupted the astrologer and asked him blatantly, “So this case will drag on forever and will never be over soon. Right?”

The astrologer was slightly embarrassed at his voluntary remark about a court case. If someone sitting in front of the court complex for his livelihood had the audacity to say that the case would drag on forever, it would amount to insulting the court, and he might be thrown behind the bars along with his parrot cage if his words fell into the ears of any judge who passed by the way. Yet, he could manage his slip of the tongue. He then lowered his voice to the minimum and spoke as if he had come to a truce. Holding the picture in his hands, he addressed Kasi and Sengalrao, who were keenly watching him. “Who’s this? Lord Ganesh. One day the Yemaraj, the god of death came to take away his life. But, you know, lord Ganesh is a smart guy. He told the Yemaraj that he had some work that day, so the Yemaraj could come the next day. He also told the Yemaraj to write down the same on his back. The next day the Yemaraj came. The lord Ganesh showed him his back. It was written there, ‘Leave today. Come tomorrow’. The Yemaraj comes every day. Reads the same on Ganesh’s back and returns. The Yemaraj couldn’t take away Ganesh’s life till the end. This case is also like that. This month…next month…the month after next…and so on. The picture of the Lord Ganesh symbolically means it.”

“Sengalrao party…Sengalrao party…” A thick call that had been hardened in the high pitch came through the crowd.

Seeing Kasi getting up in exceptional haste, the parrot withdrew its body along the wire grill. Sand partcles fell onto the stack of cards as he got up swiftly. The third call had come before Kasi and Sengalrao could reach the court entrance, running quickly and sailing through the crowd. The Dawali threw a frowning stare at them before he allowed them to go in. It was because they spent their time with the parrot astrologer, as they thought that the Rasokkiyam party would usually be called upon first. Both were panting due to running.

A lot of lawyers were sitting in black overcoats, tight-faced. The judge, who glanced at them folding their hands together and profusely sweating, looked very young. He bent his head down and read the sheet of paper before him, “Sengalrao…”

When Sengalrao displayed an excessive obedience with his hands folded with two steps forward, he looked like Sahadevan, who stoops to touch the feet of Dharma in the street plays. Next was Kasi. He also followed the same display of servility. Next to him, the call came, “Manimaran…”

Kasi arched forward more now and paid regards with folded hands and said, “He is a student and has gone to the college, sir”

“If someone is absent every time, how can we conduct the inquiry? If they don’t come next time, I will issue the arrest warrant.” The judge, stern in his words, said angrily, and called again, Sengalrao…”

As the lines of fear ran all over his body, Sengalrao got onto the witness box. Within a moment he was in the witness box; a policeman from the Mandarakuppam police station took out a lethal sword from the yellow bag he was holding and held it out to the official sitting amidst thick bundles of case papers in front of the judge. The official received it with extreme reverence as if it were a weapon of the demon and placed it before the judge. The judge picked it up and ran his eyes over it with an air of indifference, as though he had seen bigger lethal swords than it for his age. It wasn’t a sword meant for murdering people. It was just a sword used for wood cutting. A drawstring of the skirt used for fastening the cloth wrapped around the hilt for better grip was hanging like a tail.

At the same time Sengalrao was watching the sword in the judge’s hands, Rasokkiyam, who was waiting along with his younger brother Kanagaraju at the doorway for his turn, was stroking the scar below his left shoulder. Though the injury was healed up, there was a mild pricking pain.

Once he got off at Mandarakuppam, Sengalrao turned into his form. He haircombed his hair and was fully exuberant. He started singing Thirupugazh, ‘Thanthana…thanthanaa…”, If permitted, it seemed that he would perform a whirling dance and stir up the dust. There were a lot of trucks and buses transporting the coal from the first coal mine in Neyveli. Even amidst that buzz, his singing, awkward stumbling in front of others as if he was going to fight with them, was simply unberable. Kasi was also helpless, as he couldn’t leave him in that state. Innumerable motorcycles were plying all around for the generous amount tossed by the Neyveli coal mine. If any one of them ran over him, Asalambu wouldn’t consider it serious, as she might think that that joker deserved it. But Thombachi Vellachi back home wouldn’t. She would yell, “You treat him the meanest since he is my brother. Don’t you? You have come here with such an urgency to trim the tender hooves as if all the goats have given birth to kids. Can’t you wait for a while to bring him safely here?”

“O.K. let’s go”. It was just short of dragging, grasping his hands. Not taking aroundabout route by the road, if they go east from the N.L.C bus stand and take a turn to the south, they will come across a road. On the other side of the road was a school. Along the school, there was a road running south on the eastern side. First comes the Mandarakuppam N.L.C residential area. Crossing the nearby stream would land you in Veppankurichi.

Unlike the bus stands on the west side, N.LC bus stand was not very crowded. The veshti on his waist was frequently loosening and troubled him. Hardly would they have taken a few steps towards the east from the bus stand, Kasi took off his veshti and wrapped it around his head and then wrapped his waist with the towel lying on his shoulder. A big-sized towel, it covered up to his knees. He then took off his shirt, from which the betel- arecanut pouch was sticking out, slung it on his shoulders, and grasped Sengalrao’s hands.

Despite being under intoxication, Sengalrao was consciously holding his dhoti tightly as he walked, blabbering. “You scoundrel, how dare you drag me to the court?” He pulled his hand off from Kasi’s grasp with a jerk, covered his untidy hairs flowing in the wind with the towel, made a turban, and yelled. “I am the bravest of the brave. I will never rest until I kill you. You are filing the case against me. Aren’t you? I will settle your case finally. I have slashed your hands. Right? You weak bloke! He has fallen onto the serrated edges of palm leaves and got slashed on his arms. But he is saying that I have done it. You both, elder and younger, are coming against me. Aren’t you? Come…come…you are the lion cubs of Rasavanniyan. Right? If I don’t chop you both on the butcher block, let me not be born to Kartha Padaiyachi da”

Kasi’s eyes were literally blocked due to hunger. It was already past three. After coming out of the court complex, Sengalrao had, in fact, asked him if they could eat the meals. As all his attention was on his goats, Kasi had told him “ We can eat the meals at home. Now, make it fast”. But when they got off there, Sengalrao went into the nearby thicket of Karuvai on the pretext of relieving himself only to come out in a flick of a second licking a slice of pickle. Once the stuff tipped down ‘inside’ his throat, how could they return home soon? There would then be street-play-like performances wherever he stood - swinging his hands, cutting across air and singing songs.

“Come quiet,” Kasi said as he opened his betel leaves casket and put some of it into his mouth. Hearing this, everything changed in a second for Sengalrao; he turned to Kasi in a jerk and said, “You have given me all the tasks, and now you ask me to walk quietly.”

His words pricked Kasi, and he didn’t know how to respond to this. Giving a stern look, he turned to Sengalrao. His frowning stare got Sengalrao further irritated. “Why do you stare? Isn’t it you who came to me suggesting to build a shed and showed me the place where it is to be built?”

Kasi felt an intense prick inside. His voice had lowered to a minimum. “Haven’t I told you many times that I never even thought that this would land us in such a quandary?”

                                                      *** Part 8 ended***       

Thursday, 21 August 2025

The Yellow Sea that disappeared in the dawn by Theivigan Panchalingam

This is an English translation of "Pulariyil Maraintha Manjal Kadal," a Tamil short story written by Theivigan Panchalingam. Translated into English by Saravanan Karmegam. 

***

The wind gusting in the mustard field lying behind the burial ground blew across the granite wall and entered in. It hit the big trees swaying under the evening sunlight. The sprawling Corymbia trees stopped their movements with some mild jerks. The epacris flowers standing in rows near the graveyard shed their leaves onto the ground. Some of them fell onto the epitaph tombstones that carried some intense elegies and details of birth and death, fixed under the anointed circular-shaped pictorial stones. 

Sitting worn-out due to work in front of the cement-walled hut in the southeastern corner of the graveyard, I was frittering away my time blowing saliva bubbles. It went up in the air, broke, and then disappeared.

There had been no death for the last two weeks in the vicinity. I was thus burdened with less work. But Stuart couldn’t afford such a thing. He had entered into an agreement with the council to maintain this graveyard located eighty kilometres away from the Melbourne metropolis and had been running it for the past twenty years. The council’s income was dependent on the number of dead bodies coming to the graveyard. A part of this income would go as a salary for Stuart, and he would give me wages out of his salary. So, Stuart’s penchant for a good number of deaths could never be his fault.

The area where the graveyard was situated had been surrounded by vast stretches of fields—hectares of mustard and jute fields were found like a yellow carpet around it. There lived a handful of families of Macedonians and some Italians. The remaining majority of them were Australians. Summing it up, there would be some hundred families living there.

Most of the people in this area would keep a car outside and a gun inside their home for their personal security. Though they were ready to accept their natural death, it seemed that they were very firm in not permitting non-natural death to approach them.

There was a pillar near the granite wall of the graveyard in the north. Looking from afar, standing on the pillar would offer you a view of a park that always lay empty near the highway. Sometimes, very occasionally, some elderly men would throng that park in groups, shoot the birds dead with their guns, and burst out into laughter. It offered them a sort of happiness, simultaneously appreciating their skills in shooting birds and keeping a refreshed watch on their growing senility and clogged guns.

While those men were defying their destiny to live their lives at any cost, playing with their grey hairs in the winds blowing across mustard fields, Stuart’s livelihood was looking up to those hundred families eagerly waiting for, at least, a death from them.

2

It had been one hundred and twenty-one days since I came to this place. The Australian Immigration Department, which rejected my refugee application after three years, had called me to appear in their regional office in Melbourne City.

“They are definitely going to repatriate us to our country. I wouldn’t go there, Machan,” I told Paranthaman.

Paranthaman boarded the ship along with me from Indonesia. We had been friends in Malaysia. He left Colombo by flight for Malaysia and worked there in an Andhra hotel for three years to gain entry into Australia. Later, probably out of sheer luck, he joined me when he boarded the ship for Australia. He was also looking for asylum like me.

“I must go to Australia to find some work to, at least, earn something to get back the land my father mortgaged at the village to send me abroad. When I was in Malaysia, the agents conned me out of all my money,” Paranthaman said while we were standing near the car park in Kabali Restaurant. He had been my roommate ever since we came to Australia.

As arranged by Paranthaman, we set out on our journey that night to a place as far as about eighty kilometre from Melbourne city. When we reached that graveyard after navigating many vast stretches of land, it must have been about eight at night. Paranthaman explained everything while travelling in a car that almost left me haplessly struggling to swallow my own saliva. But the place we went had no police patrol around. Only after he assuaged my fears with a series of assurances that the one who maintained the graveyard was his owner’s son and a very trustworthy person did I grow confident of working there. The journeys with bona fide intentions, though undertaken through illegal ways, were not new to refugees anyway.

The trees standing tall, thickly grown on the premises as if fully covered with black polythene sheets, got me intimidated as we entered the graveyard entrance. The car rolled away in slowly, as we opened the gates, on the track. The tombs on either side of the track were much more intimidating than the seas we crossed by risking our lives. Some of the crosses planted there were shining in the beams of the car’s headlights. All the ghost stories I came across since my childhood did run their flashing rehearsals once in my mind and then vanished. The saliva seemed to be oblivious of the throat that dried up. 

Paranthaman could understand my fears and anxiety. It was his immense trust in me that made him believe that my life could be secured only in accepting such travails. Since his faith was not wrong, I did accept his trust as well as my fears.

Stuart, whose face was almost buried in beard, came out of his office in the graveyard, which was hiding in the darkness. His warm reception proved that he had met Paranthaman earlier. He looked white even in that darkness. He was wearing a dirty shirt and pants, the colour of which was not at all matching with his shirt. Since he was the one who would give me succour at this juncture, I gave him a warm smile, earnestly thinking of erasing all negative thoughts about him from my mind. He didn’t mind it seriously at first and then conveyed his regards in his own way, bobbing his head up and down.

Once the brief introductions were over, Paranthaman told him to send the agreed wages of mine, two thousand dollars, to his salary to be sent to my father. It was Paranthaman’s plan to send the money to my family. He shook his hands with me, reaffirming once, and said, “This is what we had planned. Right? Let’s go now.”

The buzz of trees above the head was still strong. The intense blares of night were very annoying. He led me a little distance from the corner side of the office. I and Paranthaman trailed him behind in the torchlight he was throwing in the front. The very thought of someone being buried under the land where we stepped on had brought an uneasy prickle in the feet. But Stuart, seemingly aware of my uneasiness, was walking a little slowly so as not to allow me to run fast.

We reached out to a place that somewhat looked like a hut in the dark with cemented walls. With a bed, toilet, and kitchen, the hut had been kept ready for an emergency stay. The walls had been crafted with holes to enable the occupant to throw his eyes out during his furtive stay inside the hut. The light coming from the office was visible at about four hundred metres from the hut.

Stuart told me not to use mobile phones and turned to Paranthaman and inquiringly nodded his head as if seeking endorsement of his suggestion. He said in a lowered voice that it was he who had taken such a big risk. The telephone in the office could be used only during emergencies, he said. As soon as I trooped into the hut, I looked around out of the corner of my eyes. I acknowledged Stuart’s words of counsel with mild nods of my head. I felt that all the warnings that he uttered through his beard, though they sounded intimidating, were spoken in an earnest spirit for my security.

My eyes welled up with tears when Paranthaman bid me farewell. Stuart went along with him and boarded his car. Paranthaman must have seen my glistening tears in the car light. He came to me again, hugged me tightly, and told me he would be visiting me once a week and get my house owner somehow convinced with some excuses. “Don’t think too much of anything. It is also just an experience,” he said, and went back to the car.

Everything became quiet, and the sounds of night and darkness did surround me now. I could understand the curse of my life, which burnt down all colourful drapes of life; I had now been forced to seek a hideout in a crematorium full of pyres. The night was awake, staying up with me without sleep. The howls of wind outside resounded with its colossal proportion into my ears.

I decided resolutely that I wouldn’t open the room door under any circumstances. ‘What if someone happens to see me moving around?’ I clenched my frozen hands tightly and closed my eyes.

The earth received its first light of the day. Hearing someone knocking on the door, I ran swiftly and opened the door only to see Stuart standing at the doorway, smiling through his white beard. He looked buoyant, unlike yesterday.

He asked me to put on a thicker jacket among the clothes I brought. I brushed my teeth and went behind him with a coffee he gave me. First he led me to the crematorium, which looked like a bakery oven. He said that the last funeral rites were rarely conducted at the graveyard and further explained where to lay the dead body given for burning, how to push it inside the crematorium, and how to initiate the burning process by pointing to an electric button. He threw away a plastic tumbler he had just sipped coffee from into the furnace and showed me how it catches fire. The heat of the fire nearly scorched my face. Stuart assuaged my apprehension, telling me that he would do it himself and I didn’t have to do that task; he just showed it to me as a part of getting me accustomed to it.

Quick spurts of broken English pronunciations and foul words usually found among Australian villagers were generously falling off his mouth. After that, he showed me the full-time work I was destined for. He taught me tasks ranging from digging out the compost manure near my stone-walled hut, spreading it at the bottom of Jacaranda trees grown thickly along the stone wall, watering it, and other tasks such as watering the saplings planted neatly near the tombs, trimming the overgrowth of green trees, and, importantly, collecting the dead leaves falling from tall Corymbia trees and dumping them into the compost pit.

3

As soon as Stuart left that day after teaching me the tasks, I started doing them scrupulously. After completing all the work, I came back to my room before darkness swallowed up the graveyard. I soaked the noodles Stuart gave me in hot water and made my dinner. I got frightened and annoyed with the noise the decanter made when I put it on for making tea.

As I was engulfed with tiredness and anxiety, soon I fell asleep.

That time—

That sound rising from the graveyard’s boundary walls penetrated the night in a moment, taking the form of yellow waves. The roars of those waves were scary. I peeked through the circular-shaped stones of the hut.

The entire graveyard is gleaming like forenoon under the moonlight. The crosses planted all over the graveyard are rising above, floating in the yellow sea that gushed into it. The flowers of a distinct sampling among them are still blooming. At last, the yellow waves devour my stone hut too with their unquenched frenzy. The shapes scaling up in the floating graveyard are cutting a swathe through me. Both men and women, shedding their mortal remains onto the waves, are asphyxiating and laugh loudly. The Crosses, which rise above, join their hands. They thrust it like oars and come near to each other, hug, and kiss each other. Another mammoth wave rises high and falls off.

I become unconscious, lifting my chest above and struggling for breath. The water of the Yellow Sea enters through my nostrils and squeezes my eyeballs out of their sockets. I open my mouth wide and try to call out to someone, but no sound comes out of it.

At that moment, an old woman comes near to me, swimming across, and leans me on her shoulder. I hug her tightly and sob. My sob doesn’t have sound either. My mouth opens and closes like a fish. Soon after my body snuggles into the old woman’s hands, it becomes warm. The old woman, looking at my face closely near to hers, smiles at me. The lock of her hair, neatly combed with a parting, hasn’t gotten wet in water. Not untidy due to waves. But, now she gets me scary. She seems to plan to harm me. I fall into the sea again, releasing myself from her clutch. When my hands started aching after falling into the sea, I felt my body sweating, lying on the icy floor. That time too, I was breathing like a fish with my mouth opening and closing.

The wind was furiously noisy outside, and I could hear the nearby mustard field wrestle with the ferocity of the wind. I felt my body losing its weight and a coolness spreading in me.

Those who were floating on the yellow sea some while ago did suddenly appear to be closer to me. My heart declined to believe that I was standing along with them that moment. In a spurt of a moment, a light flashed in me as if this land had preached a magnificent epic. I couldn’t believe that it was dark outside. I was standing there on a brilliant day.

My heart started yearning; it wanted to get closer to all the things that got me scared some while ago. This land was showering me with a bond that was beyond the night and day. I went inside the hut, made a hot tea in the decanter, came out, and sipped it, relishing the moist air heaved by the tall trees around.

4

Stuart had told me that he wouldn’t come that day. He had instructed me to shift the gravel stones with intricate carvings to the western corner of the graveyard with a pushcart. By the time I completed shifting those stones from the doorway, my T-shirt was completely soaked in sweat and stuck to my back. I placed them under the rose plants planted at equal distances on the outer edges of the tombs, dug up some pits inside, and buried those stones half their heights. If those stones are planted with their semi-circular heads visible above the ground, it would add up to a beauty of flowers made in stones, and thus the tombs lying near would receive a new sheen.

I was digging pits, moving in reverse along the stiff rope tied straight at its ends, and dumping the sand out in a line like a ridge. As my back was aching, I straightened my torso, keeping the spade aside, and turned back.

The old woman of the Yellow Sea!

I fell off behind on the heap of sand. She was standing bright under the sunlight. Apart from my lips, my hands too grew frozen. I couldn’t get up.

“I haven’t seen you around here. Are you new here?”

When she began asking a question I was relatively familiar with, I felt that it couldn’t be a dream.

“I have come here to place flowers on my husband’s tomb.”

The same voice of the old woman who cuddled me along her chest last night.

The dreams in her eyes were dried up. Eyelids that bore a look of umbrellas tapered off. Fully greyed hair. Her grey hair was gleaming whiter in the sunlight. A curved spine running up to her neck from the middle of her back seemed to have permanently settled with her old age. Her black blouse, stitched with red-coloured buttons decking it on its edges, was neatly worn without disturbing the folds of white embroidery she was wearing.

I got up from the ground on my hands as I kept looking at her. Her image from the dream last night was now showering a profoundly meaningful fear on me. She walked in tiny steps toward a different direction without getting overtly bothered with my fear.

I was very annoyed with Stuart for not informing me in advance that such visitors might visit the graveyard without prior announcement. Getting unduly intimidated with the sudden appearance of that old lady and keeping myself alert always are, in fact, proving my sense of freedom I had acquired till now worthless.

Leaving the spade where it was, I just trailed the old woman pacing at her speed of walk without adequately knowing what to serve that new guest. She stopped in front of a big, shiny cot-like tomb made of black marble. I remembered Stuart saying Japanese tombs had such appeal and comfort. The Japanese had the custom of building tombs to the sizes of the cots the dead were lying on before their death. That broader, black tomb looked very beautiful, with its head resembling a thick moustache carved splendidly, with its curled ends looking skyward.

The old woman’s tiny steps grew slower as she approached the tomb and stopped as if she didn’t like to wake her husband up sleeping in the tomb. She gently threw away the pink flowers she had brought at the foot of the tomb. Without seeking my assistance, she steadily spread those flowers onto the tomb’s surface. Then, she extended her one hand as much as she could to the middle of the tomb, touched it gently, mildly patted her wizened lips with those fingers, and got up.

When she was standing in front of the tombs, she looked more beautiful. She was standing proudly pondering over the bond she had with the tomb. The thoughts that were reeling in her heart must either be a profound music or an intense prayer or perhaps a silence without anything.

“Rascal, he left before me,” she said, turned, and looked at me.

Dusting my hands of sand, I tried to grin at her for the first time. She must have understood the perplexity writ large on my face.

“Himari”

She held her hand out as if inquiring my name. The moment I told my name, she started speaking as if she had waited for my response. I couldn’t find any trace of relations between her age and words. She had married a soldier in the Australian army, which came to Japan during the Second World War. She pronounced the words ‘love marriage’ with an exquisite stress so as to ensure that her old age should not tamper with the fullness of its meaning. She kept a tinge of her shyness and smile in it.

Her eyes still sitting on the tomb kept bolstering that their love had not yet died. She now started walking out. I followed her. I saw her car standing outside the office. She sat slowly on a circular-shaped bund in the middle of the graveyard and asked me to sit beside her. I could feel a trace of tiredness in her breath. It announced her age.

5

Paranthaman came the next week itself as if waiting for it. He came by Stuart’s car without arousing any outsiders’ suspicion and got off. He brought some food stuff for me. He was surprised to see me adapted to that land and surrounding. As though being aware of my ability to adjust to any situation to live a life as a refugee, he threw away a lot of queries perceptibly from his inquisitiveness to know how I could change that place into a place of my liking in a week.

I led him to the stone hut and described to him the visit of an old Japanese woman and his dream in which she appeared. The immigration department officials had come to his house in search of me, and he told them that I had left his place and gone somewhere, he said. My house owner believed his version of the reply that I had gone somewhere far away in search of livelihood and didn’t ask any more questions, he said.

The tender flowers of acacia trees were flying in the wind that gusted across there. With a deep breath, I blew on a flower that came near to me. Paranthaman, visibly amazed, kept looking at my eyes, smiling at the flower flying away from me.

“Every place has given us different experiences. But some places get into our souls and become one.” When I was speaking, Stuart came out of the office.

“Don’t cook anything in the morning. It is the time the wind blows across towards residential areas. People will be scared if they get to know any smell from the graveyard. The wind would blow in the opposite direction during afternoons towards the woods. You won’t face any problem that time,” Stuart said.

Stuart seemed to have been alert in his office, seeing the foodstuff Paranthaman had brought in his car. We both laughed. Through his unsuccessful attempts at being very busy with his frontal baldness, his witty remarks spoken earnestly would sometimes remain a humour such as this.

“Isn’t it good if people around here think that Stuart had gotten familiar with cooking a corpse and eating it? Everyone will be scared of you. Right?” Paranthaman countered it by cracking a joke.

That old Japanese lady, the beauty of the graveyard that looked like an island surrounded by a yellow sea, the wonders that were lying in it, and the ecstasy it evoked in me—I explained everything to Paranthaman as much as I could recollect.

6

“I am just his lady love, his wife. That is it. I was a secondary citizen in this country till now. Do you know that?” –When Himari asked me that question, I just looked at her intently, blinking as my eyes trembled, without understanding the depth and reason behind her question.

“Son, I know that you are doing something illegally here. Or you must be hiding here illegally. I could see it from your eyes.”

She continued: “There is no need to tell me that reason because you are also a refugee like me. I am very much aware that it is utterly an indecent act to dig out the secret lying in your heart. This country has been treating me as a second-class citizen even after fifty years of my marriage with an Australian who had left his country so as to serve it. So this country won't treat you, who had just come here a day ago, like an Australian to keep you on the throne.”

She turned to her husband’s tomb, giving out a smile of contempt. Her face was shining with oily makeup usually worn by Asian ladies. The preciseness of the eye lines she had drawn along the edges of her eyes without shaking of hands proved the power she inherited to make an Australian fall in love with her. Even today she had worn polish on her neatly clipped nails. A beautiful lady.

“Within a month of his death, they got me registered with a government accommodation and shifted there. They had snatched away the house we owned, where we lived, from us, fearing the possibility of a Japanese lady owning that house. What has been left for me at last is just this ash of him. The life that I got from that bowl of ash has been keeping me alive till today.”

Melancholy and tears were vying with each other in her. She struggled to speak out to some of them. Her misery seemed to flow down as tears through her wizened muscles under her eyes. Her words fell off as the pain of love and sigh of eternity from a refugee who had been stripped of her identity standing beyond life’s utter vulnerability. She breathed heavily as deep as she could, parting her parched lips.

“The wife of a soldier is unable to fight for her rights. Isn’t it? Though you were born in Japan, you belong to this country. Aren’t you the citizen of this country?”

She raised her head visibly in resonance with the wind, with a smile.

“I don’t know which country you belong to. You don’t have to tell me that. Let it remain as secret as you are. But you must understand one thing. Your identity assumes pride as long as you live in your motherland. It would be treated just like jewellry in other lands. That is it. You can’t decide yourself when to wear it. You will be tired of wearing it again and again, hiding yourself, and one day you’d start hating yourself. At last, you will then die as an orphan stripped of that jewellery. The fight for a cause, which you have just mentioned, is often fought by a great crowd of people. Who would I, a simple soul pulled in by the tiny force of love, fight against? These people? Fighting against the people of this country who would ogle a foot below the moment they see my face?”

“You speak as if no one in this world who left their land for other countries as refugees is living a happy life. Don’t you?”

“You must live a life like me to understand what you would get from pawning what and when you would understand the benefit of pawning. You’d come to know more about me after my death. Sometime you will know what I had gone through for the mistake of losing my identity. If you don’t know it, it is good. If you know, it is still better.”

I kept watching her, unable to distinguish her words that sounded almost like a riddle, whether it was plain frustration out of her old age or some profound truths of her life no one was aware of that she wanted to leave behind. 

“You could have gone back to Japan immediately after the death of your husband. Couldn’t you? You could have, at least, regained your identity.”

Her intense glance at me revealed that she had faced such questions from many in the past.

“Son, I don’t want to wrong my husband the way this country wronged me. Even if I go back to my native place, I will remain an Australian widow there. They won’t celebrate my presence as a Japanese woman. I don’t want to carry my husband’s name and his thoughts over there and let them feast on it.”

Many a story was springing from her heart. Her pain was visible in her shivering lips and shaking eyes. She kept on speaking, evidently satisfied to have found out a refugee like her before the death swallows her up.

“All my desire is to lie with my husband in this tomb where he is sleeping.”

Though I was aware of the custom prevalent here where people could reserve spaces in the graveyards for themselves to be buried after their death, it was only after my arrival here, that too from Stuart, that I came to know that people could reserve spaces in the tombs of their spouses who die earlier by giving more money for them to be buried beside their dead partners.

“Once I go into this grave, he can’t rest in peace,” she said, laughing merrily, shaking her facial muscles. After Himari’s death, they would open a black marble slab of this tomb and bury her ashes in it. The Greeks and Italians followed a ceremony of burying dead bodies after embalming them. But Himari said she would be very happy if her ashes were buried with her husband.

Himari comes there every week. She cries her heart out at her husband’s tomb as to why she is still living. She cries, sulking about how much longer she has to wait to come to him permanently. She tries to absolve her guilt of living by way of showering flowers.

I wasn’t very sure if it was just a coincidence; she would come there only when Stuart was not around. She would come only when I was alone. When she came last, she gave me a handmade fan made in different colours. She held it out to me with her trembling hands, keeping it in a red bag with a white flower drawn on it. It just looked like a black stick while taking it out of the bag but spread with a colourful plume when opened except for its hilt. It had colours everywhere. Every fold of that fan had a distinct colour. The gush of air that hit the face while fanning it across descended into the heart with the warmth and coolness of a mother’s cuddle.

The day I last met Himari is still living in my memory as a picture.

7

I got up late that morning. Stuart had come early in the morning and completed some tasks. Sometimes he used to come early in the morning and do his daily chores. We heard the sound of a big vehicle coming into the yard. The fatigue of the previous day was so oppressive that it didn’t permit me to get up to see it.

Stuart knocked on the door and said that he needed a little help. I went behind him, without even brushing my teeth.

The upper side of the black marble tomb of Himari’s husband was found half opened. Stuart asked me to help him to lift the heavy marble slab fully.

I shook my hands as if every end of my nerve had caught fire. The boughs of Corymbia trees made a crackling sound as if falling off. I heard the roars of the yellow sea readying up to jump over the rear compound walls of the graveyard.

“She had been a prostitute in this area. She is dead now. She is a Japanese bitch. She wanted her ashes to be buried in her husband’s tomb,” Stuart said without looking into my face, holding one end of the black marble lid and waiting for me to hold the other end to lift it.

That time, the yellow waves that gushed into the graveyard swallowed up the entire graveyard. I was thrown up to the heights the trees stood and fell back onto the ground. Everyone was laughing, hysterically, along the rows of crosses. Stuart was not found anywhere.

My body shuddered thinking that darkness was going to swallow up the graveyard that day. The fear that had crept into me since the day I arrived here was now crawling like leeches through my legs. The enormous sound made by the Corymbia trees appeared to be a rehearsal to throw me up. The tender fibres of Acacia trees flying around in the air looked like ghosts attacking me. Stuart’s repulsive remark, ‘She is a Japanese bitch’ kept smacking the interiors of my heart again and again.

I picked the red bag with a white flower drawn on it and kept it in my big bag. I stuffed all my inessential items into it. I ran to the black marbled tomb, kneeled before it, touched it reverently, and sobbed mildly, “Amma…” I felt that my hands were shaking beyond my control.

I jumped over the rear compound wall and ran across the mustard field. The rays of the evening sun were strewn on the forbidden path of this refugee. The paces of the old woman strode along with my shadow and spread across, filling in the land. I gathered up my tears, swallowed it, brought it up again, and spat it out onto the ground.

 ***Ended***